How do carpenter ants interact with wood?

Carpenter ants interact with wood primarily by excavating galleries within it to create their nests, particularly for the purpose of rearing their young. Unlike termites, carpenter ants do not consume wood as a food source; instead, they use their strong mandibles to chew through the wood and remove it, creating a network of tunnels and chambers. This nesting behavior allows them to establish a suitable environment for their colony's growth and development.

By excavating the wood, carpenter ants help provide shelter and a safe place for their brood, ensuring that the young ants are protected from predators and environmental threats. The wood that is excavated is often left as frass, which is a sign of their presence and activity within the structure. This behavior is quite distinct from other options mentioned, which either suggest consumption or protective measures that are not associated with the natural habits of carpenter ants.